弯曲杆菌在海洋热液系统的生态分布及环境适应

Ecological distribution and environmental adaptation of Campylobacteria in marine hydrothermal systems

摘要:

海洋热液系统是地热活动影响下形成的高温极端环境，早期的研究一直认为γ-变形菌是深海热液口硫氧化化能自养菌的主要成员，直到20世纪末，分子生态学研究才揭示出弯曲杆菌纲(Campylobacteria，即原来的ε-变形菌纲)是热液环境中热液、烟囱体、宏生物共生菌、地下部分等多个生境的优势细菌类群，在热液区硫氧化、氢氧化等生命过程中具有重要的生态意义。文章从生态、生理等多个角度综述了目前对热液区弯曲杆菌纲的研究进展，详细描述了其生态分布、多样的代谢类型、纯培养株系特征、种属分类地位，为读者展现了弯曲杆菌纲对碳、氮、硫和氢等元素的利用机制。

Abstract:

Marine hydrothermal systems are high-temperature extreme environments formed under the influence of geothermal activities. According to early studies, γ-Proteobacteria were the main members of sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic bacteria in deep-sea hydrothermal vents. At the end of the last century, molecular ecological studies revealed that Campylobacteria (former ε-Proteobacteria) were the dominant bacteria in hydrothermal habitats, such as hydrothermal solution, smoker body, megafauna, and underground sediments, with ecological significance in the life processes including sulfur oxidation and hydrogen oxidation in hydrothermal areas. The article comprehensively reviews the research progress of Campylobacteria in hydrothermal vents from ecological, physiological, and other perspectives. It extensively describes the ecological distribution, diverse metabolic types, strain characteristics, and taxonomic status of Campylobacteria, showcasing the utilization mechanisms of Campylobacteria for elements such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and hydrogen.