鱼类病原真菌水霉及其防控研究进展

Pathogenic fungi of Saprolegnia in fish and prevention measures: a review

摘要:

由病原真菌水霉(Saprolegnia spp.)引起的鱼病在全球范围内广泛流行，因水霉病防治特效药孔雀石绿的禁用和水霉对寄主无种属特异性，并且能产生生物膜抵抗药物等因素，增加了其防治难度，严重影响淡水养殖业的健康发展。本文对水霉的繁殖方式、分类鉴定方法和防治方法等进行了综述，并以其他水产致病菌的耐药性产生机制为参考，提出了改进水霉鉴定方法、丰富水霉菌种库、阐明其生物膜耐药机制、建立其感染疾病模型、研发高效的复方中草药剂和优化其抗菌活性产物的提取工艺，以及开展活性物质的有效性和安全性评估等综合防治策略，以期为开发水霉病防治特效药提供思路。

Abstract:

Saprolegniasis caused by the pathogenic fungi of Saprolegnia spp. is widely prevalent worldwide. The prohibition of the effective and specific drug malachite green for the prevention and control of Saprolegnia, as well as the non-specific hosts and drug resistance development via biofilm formation of Saprolegnia, increases the difficulty in the prevention and control of this disease, which seriously affects the healthy development of freshwater aquaculture. This paper reviewed the reproductive patterns, identification methods, and prevention and control measures of Saprolegnia. With the mechanism of drug resistance of other related pathogens in aquaculture as a reference, we proposed the measures including improving the identification methods of Saprolegnia, enriching the species of Saprolegnia in the culture collection, elucidating the mechanism of Saprolegnia in developing drug resistance via biofilm formation, establishing the disease models of Saprolegnia infection, developing efficient compound Chinese herbal medicines, optimizing the extraction process of antifungal compounds from Chinese herbal medicines, and evaluating the effectiveness and safety of antifungal compounds for the comprehensive prevention and control of Saprolegnia. The review provided ideas for the development of effective agents for the prevention and control of saprolegniasis in fish.