贝莱斯芽孢杆菌6W1挥发性有机物对禾谷镰刀菌的抑菌抑毒作用

Volatile organic compounds of Bacillus velezensis 6W1 inhibit the growth and toxin production of Fusarium graminearum

摘要:

【背景】 由禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)复合种引起的小麦赤霉病和镰刀菌毒素污染严重影响小麦的产量和质量，生防菌产生的挥发性有机物(volatile organic compound, VOC)可作为植物病害生物防治因子。【目的】 为生防菌株在病害生物防治上的更深层次应用提供理论依据。【方法】 对前期分离得到的拮抗菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis) 6W1产生的VOC进行抑菌作用测定和组分分析，利用二分格平皿研究其对菌丝生长的影响，利用培养皿对扣熏蒸法研究对孢子萌发及脱氧雪腐镰刀烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)毒素产生的影响，再利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, GC-IMS)技术对该菌株的体外挥发性抑菌物质进行定性分析。【结果】 菌株产生的VOC能够显著抑制禾谷镰刀菌丝的生长及DON毒素的产生，但不影响孢子的萌发。GC-IMS分析结果显示，菌株所产的VOC种类主要包括酯类、醇类、醛类、烯类和酮类。选取各物质的纯品进行体外抑菌控毒研究，结果表明这几种物质对禾谷镰刀菌的生长和DON毒素的产生都能有较强的抑制作用。【结论】 菌株6W1能够产生具有抑菌控毒活性的VOC，这种微生物资源在开发为生防产品方面具有巨大的潜力，其VOC在植物病害防治等方面也具有较高的研究和应用价值。

Abstract:

[Background] Wheat scab and Fusarium toxin pollution caused by Fusarium graminearum complex seriously affect the yield and quality of wheat. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) produced by biocontrol strains can be used for the biocontrol of plant diseases. [Objective] To provide a theoretical basis for the full application of biocontrol strains. [Methods] We collected VOC from Bacillus velezensis 6W1, an antagonistic strain isolated in the previous study. The two-tier culture dish was employed to study the effects of VOC on the mycelial growth of F. graminearum. The plate confrontation-fumigation assay was employed to examine the effects of VOC on the spore germination and deoxynivalenol (DON) production of F. graminearum. The components of VOC were qualitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). [Results] The VOC produced by B. velezensis 6W1 inhibited the growth and DON production but had no effect on the spore germination of F. graminearum. The results of GC-IMS showed that the VOC produced by the strain mainly included esters, alcohols, aldehydes, alkenes, and ketones. The inhibitory effect of the standard substance of each component was tested. The results showed that these substances inhibited the growth and DON production of F. graminearum. [Conclusion] In summary, B. velezensis 6W1 can produce VOC capable of inhibiting the growth and toxin production of F. graminearum. This strain demonstrates great potential in the development of biocontrol products, and its VOC also have high research and application values in the prevention and control of plant diseases.