吐鲁番戈壁滩耐热微生物及产酶能力

Resources and enzyme production of thermotolerant microorganisms in the Gobi Desert of Turpan

摘要:

【背景】 吐鲁番盆地干燥少雨、夏季气温高、紫外线辐射强，普通微生物难以存活，是发掘耐热微生物资源的宝地。【目的】 获得吐鲁番盆地耐热微生物资源，探索其产耐热酶能力，促进新疆耐热微生物资源的开发和应用。【方法】 以吐鲁番戈壁滩表层沙土样品为实验对象，利用不同营养水平的6种培养基，经50 ℃培养分离耐热菌株，揭示吐鲁番戈壁滩表层耐热微生物的种类，并检测菌株在高温下产淀粉酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶及蛋白酶的能力。【结果】 共分离获得41株耐热细菌，分布在芽孢杆菌科(Bacillaceae)的6个属，分别是芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、短短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacillus)、厌氧芽孢杆菌属(Anoxybacillus)、好氧芽孢杆菌属(Aeribacillus)和热芽孢杆菌属(Caldibacillus)。分离到的41株耐热菌中有29株产淀粉酶，29株产纤维素酶，33株产木聚糖酶，37株产葡聚糖酶，37株产蛋白酶。菌株TRM81951、TRM81961、TRM81969具有同时产多种酶的能力；菌株TRM81953、TRM81988、TRM81972和TRM81957分别具有较强的产淀粉酶、木聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶和蛋白酶能力。【结论】 吐鲁番戈壁滩生存着多种耐热芽孢杆菌，通过酶活性筛选发现吐鲁番戈壁滩耐热菌株具有很强的产水解酶能力，有利于在低营养环境中获取营养物质。

Abstract:

[Background] Turpan Basin presents a dry climate with little rain, high temperatures in summer, and strong ultraviolet radiation, which make it difficult for common microorganisms to survive. Therefore, it is a precious place to explore thermophilic microbial resources. [Objective] To obtain thermophilic microbial resources in Turpan Basin, explore their ability to produce thermostable enzymes, and promote the development and application of thermophilic microbial resources in Xinjiang. [Methods] Six medium with different nutrient levels were used to isolate thermophilic strains from the surface sand samples of the Gobi Desert in Turpan at 50 ℃. After the isolates were identified, the capacity of the isolates in producing amylase, cellulase, xylanase, glucanase, and protease at high temperatures was measured. [Results] A total of 41 strains of thermophilic bacteria were isolated, belonging to 6 genera (Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus, Anoxybacillus, Aeribacillus, and Caldibacillus) of Bacillaceae. Among the 41 strains, 29, 29, 33, 37, and 37 strains produced amylase, cellulase, xylanase, glucanase, and protease, respectively. Strains TRM81951, TRM81961, and TRM81969 were capable of producing multiple enzymes. Strains TRM81953, TRM81988, TRM81972, and TRM81957 had strong capacity to produce amylase, xylanase, glucanase, and protease, respectively. [Conclusion] The Gobi Desert in Turpan harbors multiple thermophilic strains of Bacillaceae, and most of these strains have strong capacity to produce hydrolases, which are conducive to the utilization of nutrients in the barren environment.