紫苏精油和毛地黄鼠尾草精油的挥发性成分及生物活性

Volatile components and biological activities of essential oils from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt and Salvia digitaloides Diels

摘要:

【背景】 植物精油是一种具有挥发性气味的次生代谢产物，具有环保、天然及无残留等特性，广泛应用于食品、农业及医药等行业，在人们生活中发挥着重要作用。【目的】 研究紫苏[Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt]和毛地黄鼠尾草(Salvia digitaloides Diels)植物精油挥发性成分、抗真菌和细胞毒作用。【方法】 采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取精油，用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)联用仪检测挥发性成分；通过菌丝生长速率法评定抗真菌作用；使用噻唑蓝(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, MTT)比色法评估精油的细胞毒活性。【结果】 紫苏精油中主要成分为紫苏酮(67.84%)和异白烯苏酮(14.95%)，毛地黄鼠尾草精油中主要成分为石竹素(9.59%)、α-荜澄茄醇(8.84%)和棕榈酸(7.24%)。研究发现植物精油都呈现不同程度的抗菌作用，其中紫苏精油活性最强，对细极链格孢菌(Alternaria tenuissima)、油菜菌核菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)和人参锈腐菌(Cylindrocarpon destructans)表现出较高的抑制效果，其有效中浓度(median effective concentrations, EC₅₀)分别为32.78、43.34和45.19 µg/mL，毛地黄鼠尾草精油对腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)的EC₅₀为97.68 µg/mL；毛地黄鼠尾草精油和紫苏精油对K562细胞的抑制中浓度(median inhibitory concentration, IC₅₀)分别为282.69 µg/mL和352.79 µg/mL。【结论】 植物精油具有良好的生物学特性。

Abstract:

[Background] Plant essential oils are secondary metabolites with a volatile odor, which are environmentally friendly, natural, and residue-free, and it is widely used in food, gariculture and medicene, play an important role in people’s live. [Objective] To study the volatile components in the essential oils from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt and Salvia digitaloides Diels and examine the anti-fungal and cytotoxic effects of the essential oils. [Methods] Essential oils were extracted by the steam distillation method, and the chemical components in the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The anti-fungal and cytotoxic effects of the essential oils were evaluated by the mycelial growth rate and the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. [Results] The main chemical components in the essential oil of P. frutescens were perillaketone (67.84%) and isoegomaketone (14.95%), while those of S. digitaloides Diels were caryophyllene oxide (9.59%), α-cadinol (8.84%), and palmitic acid (7.24%). The essential oils had varying degrees of antimicrobial effects. Specifically, the essential oil of P. frutescens had the strongest activity, with the median effective concentration (EC₅₀) of 32.78, 43.34 and 45.19 µg/mL against Alternaria tenuissima, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Cylindrocarpon destructans, respectively. The EC₅₀ of the essential oil of S. digitaloides Diels against Fusarium solani was 97.68 µg/mL. The median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of the essential oils of S. digitaloides Diels and P. frutescens against K562 cells were 282.69 µg/mL and 352.79 µg/mL, respectively. [Conclusion] The essential oils of S. digitaloides Diels and P. frutescens have strong biological activities.