沙门菌介导的肿瘤治疗研究进展

Advances in Salmonella-mediated tumor therapy

摘要:

传统的癌症疗法如放疗、化疗和手术在实体肿瘤治疗方面仍具有明显的局限性，然而细菌介导的抗肿瘤疗法已取得显著的临床效果，有望成为一种有效的肿瘤治疗策略。沙门菌(Salmonella)作为一种兼性厌氧菌，可优先定殖于肿瘤，并通过重塑肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment, TME)激活宿主的抗肿瘤免疫反应。经基因工程改造的沙门菌具有良好的肿瘤靶向性和可控性，在不同治疗需求下具有很强的适应性，从而成为理想的药物递送载体。然而，应用沙门菌治疗肿瘤的主要障碍是其在宿主体内的潜在致病性及如何提高细菌的肿瘤靶向性。为使基于沙门菌的肿瘤治疗更加安全有效，需深入了解宿主免疫系统与细菌的相互作用。因此，本文将从沙门菌的抗肿瘤机制、细菌的新型肿瘤治疗策略及沙门菌介导肿瘤治疗的挑战和展望等方面进行综述。

Abstract:

Conventional cancer therapies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery have obvious limitations in treating solid tumors. Bacteria-mediated tumor therapy has been proven effective in clinical studies and considered to be a promising strategy for tumor treatment. Salmonella, as a facultative anaerobic bacterium, can preferentially colonize tumors and activate the anti-tumor immune response of the host by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Genetically engineered strains of Salmonella have good tumor targeting ability and controllability and are highly adaptable to different therapeutic requirements, thus serving as ideal carriers for drug delivery. Nevertheless, using Salmonella for tumor therapy faces two challenges: potential pathogenicity in the host and improvement of tumor-targeting ability. To develop safe and effective Salmonella-mediated therapies, researchers need to have deep insights into the interaction between Salmonella and the host immune system. We summarized the anti-tumor mechanisms of Salmonella, novel bacteria-mediated tumor therapies, and challenges and prospects of Salmonella-mediated tumor therapy.