基于CiteSpace文献计量的畜禽粪便抗生素抗性基因研究进展与热点分析

Research progress and hotspots of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock and poultry manure based on CiteSpace

摘要:

自20世纪40年代抗生素被发现以来，抗生素广泛应用于畜禽养殖系统，极大地促进了畜禽健康和生长。由于大多数抗生素的性质都是水溶性的，有30%−90%的兽用抗生素会以母体化合物的形式通过尿液或粪便释放到环境中。抗生素的不当使用会对环境产生选择性压力，促使抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance gene,ARG)快速传播，对人类健康和生态系统构成潜在风险。因此，认识和回顾近20年国内外关于畜禽粪便ARG的研究热点、前沿和趋势，可为畜禽粪便ARG污染管控提供重要参考，也为今后的研究提供思路。本研究应用CiteSpace可视化软件对2002–2022年发表在Web of Science (WoS)核心合集和中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)的文献通过关键词共现分析、关键词聚类分析、关键词突现分析、发文数量分析、国家分布机构合作共现等方式对畜禽养殖系统中ARG研究现状及新兴趋势进行分析，最终共筛选出896篇有效文献。自2011年以来，畜禽粪便ARG国内外文献发表数量逐年增加，2014年以后增速明显加快，其中英文文献的发文量要多于中文文献；中国是发文量最多的国家，而中国科学院是发文量最多的机构。热门的研究领域包括ARG的产生和来源、在环境中的传播及其对人类病原体的潜在暴露途径及消减机制。今后研究工作可利用宏基组学技术、高通量定量基因芯片手段和单细胞拉曼光谱等新兴分子生物学技术进行更为深入的机理性探索，同时加强畜禽粪便ARG消减技术策略的发展和应用。本文以可视化的方式阐释了畜禽粪便ARG研究发展态势，提出了未来重点研究方向，为管控畜禽粪便ARG提供了理论基础。

Abstract:

Antibiotics have been widely used in animal husbandry since they were discovered in the 1940s, promoting the growth and health of domesticated animals. As most antibiotics are water-soluble, 30% to 90% of antibiotics are released into the environment in the form of parent compounds through urine or feces. Improper use of antibiotics will pose selective pressure on the environments and enhance the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment, thereby posing a potential risk to human health and ecosystems. Revealing the research hotspots, frontiers, and trends of ARGs in livestock and poultry manure in the last 20 years can provide important information for controlling the contamination of ARGs derived from livestock and poultry manure and shed new lights for the future research. We retrieved the articles published in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2002 to 2022 to analyze the research status and trends of ARGs in animal husbandry systems. CiteSpace was employed to visualize the keyword co-occurrence, keyword clustering, keyword bursts, number of publications, and collaboration of research institutions. A total of 896 valid publications were included in this study. The number of publications about ARGs in livestock and poultry manure in both China and the globe has been growing since 2011 and has accelerated significantly since 2014. The papers published in English were much more than those in Chinese. Additionally, China was the country with the largest number of publications and the Chinese Academy of Sciences was the institution with the largest number of publications. The research hotspots included the source and origin of ARGs, transmission of ARGs in the environment, the potential human exposure to ARGs, and the mechanisms for the mitigation of ARGs. The future research work can identify the underlying mechanisms by using advanced molecular methods including metagenomics, high-throughput qPCR array, and single-cell Raman spectroscopy. In addition, efforts should be made to promote the development of approaches for mitigating ARGs. This study visualized the main research progress in ARGs in livestock and poultry manure and put forward the future key research directions, providing new insights into the mitigation of ARGs.