蜘蛛香内生真菌及其根际土壤真菌群落多样性

Fungal diversity in the plant and rhizosphere soil of Valeriana jatamansi Jones

摘要:

【背景】药用植物蜘蛛香(Valeriana jatamansi Jones)有着悠久的用药历史，应用广泛，然而关于蜘蛛香内生真菌及其根际土壤真菌群落多样性方面的研究尚未见报道。【目的】探究蜘蛛香不同组织部位内生真菌及根际土壤真菌多样性及结构类群，为蜘蛛香真菌资源的开发与利用奠定基础。【方法】基于真菌rRNA基因ITS1区，应用Illumina Miseq PE250高通量测序技术测定蜘蛛香根、茎、叶内生真菌和根际土壤真菌，并结合生物信息学分析蜘蛛香内生真菌和根际土壤真菌群落结构。【结果】蜘蛛香根、茎、叶、根际土壤4个样品共获得1 776 731条有效序列，7 399个OTU，分属于17门65纲146目331科767属1 269种；这4个样品中，真菌丰富度排序为根际土壤>茎>根>叶，多样性为根际土壤>茎>叶>根。这4个样品共有的OTU为192个，特有的OTU排列呈现根际土壤>茎>根>叶。在门水平上，根、茎、叶内生真菌和根际土壤真菌群落的优势菌均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)；在属水平上，汉纳氏菌属(Hannaella)为叶和茎中的优势菌属，小不整球壳属(Plectosphaerella)为根中的优势属，根际土壤中未分类的真菌(unclassified_fungi)占比较高。真菌网络关系显示，每个属在平均丰度上存在一个甚至多个与其存在关联的属，大多数属间存在正相关关系。【结论】蜘蛛香中存在较为丰富的真菌资源，且不同组织器官内生真菌和根际土壤真菌群落组成存在明显差异。本研究探讨了药用植物蜘蛛香内生真菌和根际土壤真菌的生物信息，为蜘蛛香的资源保护及真菌资源的开发利用提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

[Background] Valeriana jatamansi Jones has a long history of medical use and is widely used. However, the fungal diversity in the plant and rhizosphere soil of V. jatamansi remains to be reported. [Objective] To explore the diversity and structures of endophytic fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil and different tissues of V. jatamansi and lay a foundation for the development and utilization of endophytic fungal resources in this plant. [Methods] The ITS1 region of fungal rRNA gene was sequenced by the Illumina Miseq PE250 platform to analyze the endophytic fungi in the root, stem, leaf, and rhizosphere soil samples of V. jatamansi. The bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the sequencing results and reveal the fungal community structures in the plant and rhizosphere soil of V. jatamansi. [Results] A total of 1 776 731 valid sequences and 7 399 OTUs were obtained from the root, stem, leaf, and rhizosphere soil samples of V. jatamansi, belonging to 1 269 species, 767 genera, 331 families, 146 orders, 65 classes of 17 phyla. The richness of endophytic fungi followed the trend of rhizosphere soil>stem>root>leaf, and the diversity was in the order of rhizosphere soil>stem>leaf>root. There were 192 common OTUs shared by the four samples, and the number of unique OTUs showed the trend of rhizosphere soil>stem>root>leaf. At the phylum level, the dominant fungi in the root, stem, leaf, and rhizosphere soil samples were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, Hannaella was the dominant genus in the leaf and stem samples, Plectosphaerella was the dominant genus in the root samples, and the unclassified_fungi accounted for a relatively high proportion in the rhizosphere soil samples. The fungal network showed that each genus was associated with one or more genera in the average abundance, most of the genera were positively correlated with each other. [Conclusion] There were abundant endophytic fungal resources in V. jatamansi, and the endophytic fungal community composition showed significant differences in different tissues and rhizosphere soil of the plant. This study explored the biological information of endophytic fungal resources in V. jatamansi, providing a theoretical basis for the protection of V. jatamansi resources and the development and utilization of endophytic fungal resources.