采自文冠果葡萄座腔菌科的4个新记录种

Four new records of botryosphaerialean fungi from Xanthoceras sorbifolium

摘要:

【背景】葡萄座腔菌科(Botryosphaeriaceae)真菌多为农业和林业上的主要病原菌。【目的】对吉林省长春市和四平市的文冠果微型子囊菌进行资源调查。【方法】采集标本，结合形态特征、培养特性对其进行详细的形态学描述；提取DNA，测定内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer, ITS) rDNA、核糖体大亚基(ribosomal large subunit, LSU)和翻译延伸因子-1α (translation elongation factor 1-alpha, tef1-α)序列，基于最大似然(maximum likelihood, ML)法、最大简约(maximum parsimony, MP)法和贝叶斯推导(Bayesian inference, BI)构建分子系统发育树。【结果】鉴定出4个葡萄座腔菌科物种：中华葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria sinensis)、无隔孢暗葡萄腔菌(Phaeobotryon aplosporum)、楲生暗葡萄腔菌(Phaeobotryon negundinis)和火炬树生暗葡萄腔菌(Phaeobotryon rhois)，4种微型子囊菌在文冠果上均为首次报道。本文给出以上4个新记录种的宏观、微观和菌落形态特征的详细描述及照片。【结论】楲生暗葡萄腔菌系中国首次报道，中华葡萄座腔菌、无隔孢暗葡萄腔菌和火炬树生暗葡萄腔菌为吉林省新记录种。

Abstract:

[Background] Fungi of Botryosphaeriaceae are mostly major pathogens in agriculture and forestry. [Objective] To investigate the microfungi of Ascomycota from Xanthoceras sorbifolium in Changchun and Siping of Jilin province. [Methods] The specimens of microfungi were collected, and their morphology was observed and described in detail. After DNA extraction, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA, ribosome large subunit (LSU), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) of each species were sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on maximum likelihood method, maximum parsimony method, and Bayesian inference. [Results] Four species of Botryosphaeriaceae were identified as Botryosphaeria sinensis, Phaeobotryon aplosporum, Phaeobotryon negundinis, and Phaeobotryon rhois, respectively. These four species of ascomycetes were reported on Xanthoceras sorbifolium for the first time. This paper described and illustrated the macroscopic, microscopic, and colony morphological characteristics of the above four new record species in detail. [Conclusion] P. negundinis was identified as a new record in China. B. sinensis, P. aplosporum, and P. rhois were identified as new records in Jilin.