细菌细胞表面展示技术及其在环境修复领域的应用研究进展

Bacterial surface display and research progress in applications of this technology in environmental remediation

摘要:

细菌细胞表面展示是一项重要的生物工程技术，其将外源靶标蛋白、多肽或其他生物大分子表达于细菌表面，以更好地实现其功能。该技术在生物催化、生物修复、生物传感器和疫苗设计等多个领域得到广泛应用。本文首先对革兰氏阴性细菌和革兰氏阳性细菌的表面展示系统进行介绍，概括了目前已知的主要宿主菌和锚定蛋白种类；然后重点阐述了细菌表面展示技术在生物修复领域的最新应用研究进展；最后总结了细菌表面展示技术在应用中存在的局限性，并展望了未来可能的发展方向，以期深入扩大和拓展该技术在生物修复实践中的具体应用。

Abstract:

Bacterial surface display is an important biotechnology that involves expressing exogenous target proteins, peptides, or other biomolecules on the surface of bacterial cells to better realize their functions. This technology has been applied in various fields such as biocatalysis, bioremediation, biosensors, and vaccine design. This article first introduces the surface display systems of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and summarizes the main host bacteria and anchored proteins currently known. It then reviews the latest research progress in the applications of bacterial surface display in bioremediation. Finally, this paper summarizes the limitations of bacterial surface display in application and makes an outlook on the future research directions, aiming to expand the specific applications of this technology in bioremediation practice.