微生物降解植物化感物质酚酸的研究进展

Research advances in microbial degradation of phenolic acids with allelopathic effects

摘要:

近年来，农作物连作障碍问题日益严重，给农业生产和可持续发展带来十分不利的影响。连作障碍成因复杂，其中植物化感物质酚酸的毒性作用是重要因素，而消除酚酸最经济、环保、有效的方法是生物防治法。本文综合阐述了利用微生物降解植物化感物质酚酸的菌株资源、酚酸底物范围和降解效果，进而分析论述了微生物降解主要酚酸阿魏酸、香草酸、丁香酸、原儿茶酸等的代谢途径、关键酶及分子机制，推进了对酚酸降解机制的系统认识。在此基础上，阐述了酚酸降解菌在优化作物根际微环境、缓解作物连作障碍及农业资源利用等方面的应用，提出了存在的问题和展望，为深入研究和开发应用微生物资源解决连作障碍等问题、促进现代农业可持续发展提供理论参考。

Abstract:

In recent years, continuous cropping obstacles have become increasingly serious, leading to adverse impacts on agricultural production and sustainable development. The causes of these obstacles are complex, in which phenolic acid toxicity is a key factor. The most economical, environmentally friendly, and effective method for removing phenolic acids is biological control. In this review, the microorganisms involved in phenolic acid degradation and their phenolic acid substrate ranges were investigated. The metabolic pathways, key enzymes, and molecular mechanisms of ferulic, vanillic, syringic, and protocatechuic acid degradation were reviewed, which enriched the knowledge of the degradation process. Furthermore, we discussed the application of phenolic acid-degrading microorganisms in improving crop rhizosphere and alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and presented the existing problems and prospects, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for further research and development. This review provides a knowledge base for the application of microbial resources in addressing continuous cropping obstacles and promoting the sustainable development of modern agriculture.