海洋环境异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的研究进展

Advances in heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacteria in marine environment

摘要:

异养硝化-好氧反硝化（heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrification，HN-AD）菌的发现打破了传统的脱氮理论，可以在有氧条件下同时进行硝化和反硝化，成为近年来的研究热点。HN-AD细菌在海洋氮循环中发挥着重要作用。本文对海洋环境中HN-AD菌的多样性和部分已知氮代谢途径及相关酶系进行了介绍，分析了盐度、碳氮比、溶解氧、pH等环境因素对HN-AD菌脱氮效果的影响，对其工艺和技术应用、前景和发展方向进行了综述和展望。

Abstract:

The discovery of heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying (HN-AD) bacteria updates the conventional theory of nitrifying. The HN-AD bacteria capable of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification under aerobic conditions have become a research hotspot in recent years. These bacteria play a key role in the marine nitrogen cycle. We introduced the diversity, nitrogen metabolic pathways, and related enzymes of marine HN-AD bacteria and analyzed the effects of environmental factors (salinity, C/N ratio, dissolved oxygen, pH, etc.) on the denitrifying performance of HN-AD bacteria. Furthermore, we summarized the functioning processes and applications of these bacteria and made an outlook on the development directions of this field.