肠道微生物与大肠癌相关性的研究进展

Research progress in the correlations between intestinal microorganisms and colorectal cancer

摘要:

越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物可以影响大肠癌的发生发展。例如，产肠毒素脆弱拟杆菌、具核梭杆菌等已被证实与晚期的大肠癌和患者生存率降低相关。肠道微生物变化可以导致肠道稳态破坏，菌群数量以及类别的变化会导致宿主产生复杂的病理生理反应过程，促进大肠癌的发生发展。因此需要研究肠道微生物如何破坏肠道屏障、介导物质代谢、产生炎症因子及激活信号转导通路以及如何造成肠道微生物生态失调从而加速疾病进程。通过研究肠道微生物与大肠癌之间的相互作用，可以对大肠癌的早期诊断、治疗和预后有所帮助。本文就目前肠道微生物与大肠癌相关机制和前沿治疗的研究现状作一综述。

Abstract:

A growing number of studies have shown that intestinal microorganisms can influence the development of colorectal cancer. For example, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum have been proved to be associated with advanced colorectal cancer and reduced patient survival. Changes of intestinal flora can lead to the disturbance of intestinal homeostasis, and the changes in the number and species of bacteria can lead to complex pathophysiological processes in the host that promote the development of colorectal cancer. Therefore, researchers need to investigate how intestinal microorganisms damage the intestinal barrier, mediate the substance metabolism, produce inflammatory cytokines, and activate signaling pathways, and how the gut microbial ecological dysfunction accelerate the disease process. Probing into the interactions between intestinal microorganisms and colorectal cancer can contribute to the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis improvement of colorectal cancer. We reviewed the research progress in the mechanisms underlying the interactions between intestinal microorganisms and colorectal cancer and the cutting-edge therapies of colorectal cancer.