益生菌缓解新型冠状病毒感染症状的研究进展

Research progress of probiotics alleviating symptoms of COVID-19

摘要:

由急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2)引起的新型冠状病毒感染(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19)从2020年初迅速扩展至全球，成为人类历史上最严重的大流行之一。已有证据证明当SARS-CoV-2的刺突蛋白(S蛋白)与细胞表面受体血管紧张素转化酶2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2, ACE2)结合时，可感染宿主细胞，引起肠道菌群失调，并引发不同的并发症。益生菌是活的微生物，已被证明对人体健康有益。因其在调节肠道菌群、治疗多种疾病和抗病毒方面的功效而被考虑用来改善COVID-19。本文基于目前公开的临床前和临床试验结果，总结了益生菌在缓解COVID-19临床症状及胃肠道不良反应的效果，并讨论了益生菌在改善COVID-19后遗症方面的潜力，从而为后续管理COVID-19提供新的方向，进一步为呼吸系统疾病提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread around the globe since early 2020, becoming one of the worst pandemics in the history. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 can bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor on the host cell surface, to cause gut microbiota imbalance and different complications. Probiotics, proved to be capable of regulating gut microbiota to treat diseases and viral infections, have been considered to serve as an option for alleviating COVID-19. We summarize the efficacy of probiotics in alleviating clinical symptoms and gastrointestinal adverse events of COVID-19 based on the results of available preclinical and clinical trials. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of probiotics to mitigate the sequelae of COVID-19, thereby providing new directions for the subsequent management of COVID-19 and a theoretical basis for treating respiratory diseases.