硒对大球盖菇菌丝生长、子实体农艺性状和营养品质的影响

Selenium affects the mycelial growth, agronomic traits, and nutritional quality of Stropharia rugosoannulata

摘要:

【背景】大球盖菇是我国新兴的食用菌栽培品种，其栽培技术简单、产量高、效益高，在农业废弃物高效转化和农民增收方面发挥重要作用。【目的】探究硒对大球盖菇菌丝生长、子实体农艺性状和营养品质的影响，为富硒大球盖菇的实践生产提供依据。【方法】通过平板试验，测定添加不同质量浓度的Na₂SeO₃对菌丝生长速度和干重的影响。以木屑、稻壳、玉米芯为主要原料，添加0−10 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃，进行大球盖菇生料栽培试验，测定一潮菇农艺性状、营养品质和抗氧化活性。【结果】Na₂SeO₃浓度为0−10 mg/L时，对大球盖菇菌丝生长速度与干重无显著影响，分别为3.74−3.76 mm/d和40.67−41.33 mg；当浓度达到15 mg/L及以上时，显著抑制菌丝生长。栽培试验结果表明，添加0−10 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃对一潮菇生物学效率无显著影响，7.5 mg/kg剂量组表现出最佳的菌盖直径、菌柄直径和单菇鲜重。子实体营养分析显示，7.5 mg/kg剂量组表现出最高的粗蛋白、粗多糖、总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和谷氨酸含量。7.5−10.0 mg/kg剂量组子实体粗多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl, DPPH)和羟基(hydroxy, OH)自由基清除率显著高于空白对照组。【结论】添加低剂量Na₂SeO₃能够显著改善大球盖菇子实体农艺性状和营养品质，生料栽培的最适添加剂量为7.5 mg/kg。本研究为富硒大球盖菇的实践生产提供了可靠的试验依据。

Abstract:

[Background] Stropharia rugosoannulata is a new edible mushroom species in China. With simple cultivation methods and high yield and benefits, it plays a key role in the efficient transformation of agricultural wastes and the increase in farmers’ income. [Objective] To explore the effects of selenium on the mycelial growth, agronomic traits, and nutritional quality of S. rugosoannulata and provide a basis for the production of selenium-enriched S. rugosoannulata. [Methods] The mycelial growth rate and dry weight of S. rugosoannulata treated with different concentrations of sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) were determined by the plate culture method. The cultivation matrix composed of sawdust, rice husk, and corncob was supplemented with 0–10 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃ for the cultivation test. The agronomic traits, nutritional quality, and antioxidant activity of the first batch of fruiting bodies were evaluated. [Results] The treatments with 0–10 mg/L Na₂SeO₃ had no significant effects on the mycelial growth rate and dry weight, which were 3.74–3.76 mm/d and 40.67–41.33 mg, respectively. However, when the concentration of Na₂SeO₃ reached 15 mg/L or above, the mycelial growth was significantly inhibited. The cultivation tests showed that the addition of 0–10 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃ had no significant effects on the biological efficiency of the mushroom. The 7.5 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃ group showed the best cap diameter, stipe diameter, and fresh weight of single mushroom. Moreover, this group demonstrated the highest content of crude protein, crude polysaccharides, total amino acids, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, delicious amino acids, and glutamate. The crude polysaccharides from fruiting bodies in the 7.5–10.0 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃ groups demonstrated significantly higher DPPH and · OH free radical scavenging activities than the blank control group. [Conclusion] The addition of low-dose Na₂SeO₃ could significantly improve the agronomic traits and nutritional quality of the fruiting bodies of S. rugosoannulata, and the optimum dose was 7.5 mg/kg. The findings provide a reliable experimental basis for the production of selenium-enriched S. rugosoannulata.