烟曲霉黑色素的研究进展

Research progress in melanins of Aspergillus fumigatus

摘要:

烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)是一种分布于世界各地的腐生真菌，属于人类临床常见的三大机会性致病真菌之一，是侵袭性曲霉菌病的主要病原菌。烟曲霉可以产生DHN-黑色素(dihydroxynaphthalene melanin)和脓黑素(pyomelanin)这2种类型黑色素。本综述介绍烟曲霉黑色素产生的遗传代谢途径、功能以及与宿主免疫系统相互作用的最新认识，有助于更好地理解烟曲霉的病理生理特征，为烟曲霉感染快速诊断技术和新型抗真菌药物的研发提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic fungus with worldwide distribution and one of the three most common opportunistic pathogenic fungi infecting human in clinical practice. It is the main pathogen of invasive aspergillosis. A. fumigatus can produce two types of melanins: dihydroxynaphthalene melanin (DHN-melanin) and pyomelanin. We introduce the latest progress in the melanins of A. fumigatus in terms of the production pathways, functions, and interactions with the host immune system. This review aims to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological features of A. fumigatus and provide a theoretical basis for the rapid diagnosis of A. fumigatus infection and the development of antifungal drugs.