牙龈卟啉单胞菌外膜囊泡与阿尔茨海默病的相关性研究进展

Relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles and Alzheimer’s disease: a review

摘要:

牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis)是牙周炎的主要致病菌，在其生长过程中可产生大量毒力因子。P. gingivalis及其毒力因子不仅可引发牙周组织的破坏，还可扩散至全身并影响包括阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)在内的多种系统疾病的发生、发展。P. gingivalis外膜囊泡包含亲本细菌的大量毒力因子且体积小，更易扩散至远处组织和器官。近期研究发现，P. gingivalis外膜囊泡可能在诱发神经炎症和促进AD的发生、发展中起重要作用，但具体机制尚不清楚。本文就P. gingivalis外膜囊泡的发生与调控、所含主要毒力因子及其与AD的关系进行综述，以阐明牙周炎与AD相关的生物学机制。

Abstract:

Porphyromonas gingivalis, the main pathogen of periodontitis, can produce various virulence factors. P. gingivalis and its virulence factors not only destroy periodontal tissue but also spread to the whole body and affect the occurrence and development of various systemic diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The outer membrane vesicles of P. gingivalis contain a large number of virulence factors of the species, and they are small in size and more easily distributed to remote tissues and organs. Recent studies have found that the outer membrane vesicles may play an important role in inducing neuroinflammation and promoting the occurrence and development of AD. However, the specific mechanism is still unclear. This article reviews the occurrence and regulation of P. gingivalis outer membrane vesicles, the main virulence factors in the vesicles, and their relationship with AD, which is expected to clarify the biological mechanisms of periodontitis and AD.