混料设计优化黑木耳菌丝生长的农业剩余物配方

Optimization of “agricultural residue” formula for Auricularia auricula mycelium growth by mixture design

摘要:

【背景】菌林矛盾日益突出，农业剩余物资源丰富，可作为食用菌栽培主要基质。【目的】筛选出适合黑木耳菌丝生长的农业剩余物配方。【方法】以大豆秸秆、油菜秸秆、玉米秸秆、花生秸秆、小麦秸秆和杂木屑等6种基质为原料，运用单纯形格子法进行配方设计，分析不同基质交互作用对黑木耳菌丝生长速率、菌丝生长指数、漆酶酶活、多酚氧化酶酶活和纤维素酶酶活的影响。【结果】在这些农业剩余物基质中，大豆秸秆基质最适合黑木耳菌丝生长，其次是油菜秸秆。3种主料共同作用可以优化出最适合黑木耳菌丝生长的基质配比。【结论】最终优化出一个适合黑木耳菌丝生长的农业剩余物配方：杂木屑49.4%、油菜秸秆16.4%、大豆秸秆12.2%、麦麸20%、蔗糖1%、CaSO₄ 1%。本研究为“以草代木”栽培黑木耳提供了理论基础。

关键词:农业剩余物;黑木耳;单纯形格子法;基质配比

Abstract:

[Background] The contradiction between edible fungi and forest is increasingly prominent, and the agricultural residues are rich in resources, which can be used as the main substrate for the cultivation of edible fungi. [Objective] To screen out the agricultural residue formula suitable for the growth of Auricularia auricula mycelia by using common agricultural residues. [Methods] Six substrates, including soybean straw, rape straw, corn straw, peanut straw, wheat straw, and sawdust, were used as raw materials in this study, and the formula was designed using the simplex-lattice method. The effects of different substrate interactions on the mycelial growth rate, mycelial growth index, laccase activity, polyphenol oxidase activity, and cellulase activity of A. auricula were analyzed. [Results] Among the substrates of agricultural residues, soybean straw was the most suitable for the growth of A. auricula mycelia, followed by rape straw. The combination of the three main ingredients optimized the substrate ratio which was most suitable for the growth of A. auricula mycelia. [Conclusion] This study has finally optimized an agricultural residue formula suitable for the growth of A. auricula mycelia (49.4% sawdust, 16.4% rape straw, 12.2% soybean straw, 20% wheat bran, 1% sugar, and 1% CaSO₄). This study provides a theoretical basis for the cultivation of A. auricula with grass instead of wood.

Key words:agricultural residues;Auricularia auricula;simplex-lattice method;substrate ratio