纤毛虫与藻类共生关系的研究现状与展望

The study of symbiosis and interactions between ciliates and algae: current status and future directions

摘要:

纤毛虫与藻类的共生关系在水体环境中广泛存在并有着重要的生态功能。文章回顾了国内外纤毛虫与藻类共生研究的发展历程，主要介绍了纤毛虫与藻类共生的生态功能，以及显微观察与分子生物学技术在纤毛虫与藻类共生研究中的应用；阐述了包括草履虫与小球藻共生关系建立的4个过程及其互作机制、红色中缢虫与隐藻的共生关系、宿主与共生体之间的互作等内容；提出了纤毛虫与藻类共生研究中亟待解决的科学问题，包括草履虫食物泡膜(digestive vacuole, DV)与围藻膜(perialgal vacuole, PV)发挥作用的分子机制、红色中缢虫与隐藻共生关系的建立过程、红色中缢虫在共生过程中的功能作用等，并展望未来的研究方向。

Abstract:

Ubiquitous ciliate-algae symbiosis plays a key role in the water environment. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on ecological functions of ciliate-algae symbiosis. Moreover, the steps of symbiosis establishment and the interactions between Paramecium bursaria and Chlorella sp., the symbiotic relationship and interaction between Mesodinium rubrum and cryptophytes were summarized. Furthermore, several key biological questions on ciliate-algae symbiosis were raised, including the molecular mechanisms of the functions of Paramecium digestive vacuole (DV) and perialgal vacuole (PV) membrane, the establishment process of the symbiosis between M. rubrum and cryptophytes, and the roles of M. rubrum in the symbiotic process. Finally, we prospected the future directions on ciliate-algae symbiosis study.