供水系统非结核分枝杆菌生长因素及控制措施研究进展

Growth factors and control measures of nontuberculous mycobacteria in drinking water distribution systems: a review

摘要:

近年来，非结核分枝杆菌感染在世界范围内日益普遍，严重威胁公众健康。供水系统是非结核分枝杆菌重要环境来源和主要传播途径，但目前对供水系统非结核分枝杆菌生长因素及控制措施的认识仍有较多不足。本文介绍了供水系统非结核分枝杆菌的生长传播特征，探讨了多个工程环境因素(如消毒剂、有机碳、管材和温度)和生物因子(如生物膜、阿米巴原虫和细菌)对非结核分枝杆菌丰度和物种多样性特征的影响，分析了供水全流程不同阶段控制措施对非结核分枝杆菌的控制效用，提出了深化认识供水系统非结核分枝杆菌的研究需求。

Abstract:

The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection has been increasing worldwide in recent years, posing a threat to public health. Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) represent an important reservoir and a primary transmission route for NTM. However, the growth factors and control measures of NTM remain elusive in DWDSs. This review summarizes the growth and transmission features of NTM and analyses the influence of environmental and engineering factors (disinfectant, organic carbon, pipe material, and temperature) and biotic factors (biofilm, amoeba, and bacteria) on the abundance and diversity of NTM. Further, we summarize the control approaches towards NTM and their effectiveness in DWDSs from source to taps and identify the research gaps and further research needs.