石油污染生态系统中细菌群落结构及其代谢机制研究进展

Bacterial community structure and metabolic mechanism in petroleum-contaminated ecosystem: a review

摘要:

石油化工产品的不合理处置与泄漏导致石油及其衍生物大量释放到环境中，由此造成的环境污染问题日益严重，石油污染已成为全球性公害之一。微生物修复技术凭借其成本低、环境友好等优势，广泛应用于石油污染的治理。大量研究表明功能微生物群落在石油污染生态系统的修复体系中发挥了重要的作用。其中，细菌是最主要、最活跃的石油降解微生物。然而，在原位/异位生物修复过程中，存在功能菌群在污染体系中难维持、易失调及石油烃降解途径不明晰等问题。因此，本文总结了石油污染自然生态系统和微宇宙实验体系中的细菌群落结构、石油烃代谢机制及相关功能基因，并对微生物法处理石油污染的未来研究方向提出展望，为石油污染场地生物修复方案的制定提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Unreasonable treatment and leakage of petrochemical products lead to massive release of petroleum hydrocarbons into the environment. Petroleum pollution has been a global concern. Being cost-efficient and environmentally friendly, bioremediation has been widely used for the removal and degradation of products in petroleum industry. Accumulation evidence has shown that functional microbial communities play an important role in the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated environment, particularly bacteria. However, the ex-situ and in-situ bioremediation faces the following challenges: ease of functional microflora imbalance and unclear degradation pathway of petroleum hydrocarbons. Thus, this review summarizes the structures, metabolic pathways of petroleum hydrocarbons, and functional genes of bacterial communities in different types of petroleum-contaminated environments and microcosmic bioremediation experimental systems. Moreover, the trends of research on microbial treatment of petroleum pollution are summarized. Thereby, this study is expected to serve as a reference for the formulation and implementation of microbial remediation schemes for petroleum-contaminated sites.