饮用水系统硝化微生物分布规律、环境影响因素及调控应用的研究进展

Distribution characteristics, environmental influencing factors and engineering application of nitrifiers in drinking water systems: a review

摘要:

硝化微生物广泛存在于饮用水系统中。水处理过程中，硝化微生物对含氮污染物的去除有突出贡献；而输配水过程中，硝化微生物会加剧消毒剂氯胺的降解，造成一系列饮用水微生物安全问题。本文介绍了常用硝化微生物检测方法，综述了硝化微生物在滤池、市政主管网、二次供水系统中的分布特征和规律，分析了环境因子及工程条件对硝化微生物的影响机制，探讨了硝化微生物强化应用及管控的实际工程措施，展望了未来饮用水系统中硝化微生物的研究重点与应用前景。

Abstract:

Nitrifiers are omnipresent in drinking water systems. While being capable of degrading nitrogenous contaminants in drinking water treatment process, nitrifiers accelerate the consumption of disinfectant in drinking water distribution systems, thus posing a serious threat to public health. This paper introduces the methodological techniques currently used in the detection of nitrifiers and summarizes the distribution characteristics of nitrifiers in filters, drinking water distribution systems, and secondary water supply systems. Further, it elucidates the influencing mechanism of environmental and engineering factors on nitrifiers, discusses the augmentation and suppression of nitrification in drinking water system and prospects the future research and application of nitrifiers.