地下水脱卤过程中的微生物种间代谢互作：提高原位氯代烯烃厌氧脱氯效能的有效途径

Metabolic interactions among microbial species during groundwater dehalogenation: an effective way to improve in-situ anaerobic dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes

摘要:

有机卤呼吸细菌(organohalide-respiring bacteria, OHRB)在氯代烯烃污染地下水的原位生物修复中扮演着关键性的角色，提高其丰度及活性对氯代烯烃的完全去除具有重要意义。在实际环境中，有机卤呼吸细菌往往与多种微生物共存，微生物种间代谢互作现象十分普遍，有机污染物的完全无害化往往需要通过微生物菌群的协同代谢作用来实现。因此，本文围绕微生物种间代谢互作进行综述，对目前获得的脱氯微生物菌种资源及脱氯机理进行了回顾，重点阐述了专性OHRB、非专性OHRB和非OHRB的种间代谢互作行为及机制，并提出以种间代谢互作为指导进行合成微生物群落的构建来有效提高氯代烯烃厌氧生物降解效率，为实现环境氯代烯烃类有机污染物的快速、彻底无害化提供理论指导。

Abstract:

Organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) play a key role in the in-situ bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes-contaminated groundwater. Improving the abundance and activity of OHRB is of great significance for the complete removal of chlorinated ethenes. Given that OHRB tend to coexist with multifarious microorganisms, metabolic interaction among microbial species has been considered to be a common phenomenon. The complete innocuity of organic pollutants requires the cooperative metabolism of microbial flora. Therefore, from the perspective of interspecific metabolic interaction of microorganisms, this paper presented a brief review of the current dechlorinating microbial resources as well as the mechanism of the dechlorination, particcularly the interspecific metabolic interaction of obligate OHRB, non-obligate OHRB and non-OHRB, and the mechanisms. Moreover, we proposed to construct the synthetic microbial community based on interspecific interaction to improve the anaerobic biodegradation efficiency of chlorinated ethenes, hoping to guide the rapid and complete innocuity of chlorinated ethenes in the environment.