人为源微生物气溶胶的分布特征及风险研究进展

Progress in the distribution characteristics and risks of bioaerosols from anthropogenic sources

摘要:

近年来，新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情全球肆虐，引起了公众对于微生物气溶胶潜在风险的极大关注，其中人为源微生物气溶胶潜在的健康危害逐步成为越来越多学者关注的热点之一。本文综述了近年来4类主要人为源微生物气溶胶的研究现状，比较了不同人为源微生物气溶胶的分布特征和微生物组成特性，并探究了影响微生物气溶胶特征的主要因素及其存在的潜在风险。结果表明，畜禽养殖场微生物气溶胶平均浓度最高，其次是污水处理厂和垃圾填埋场，医院最低。从微生物组成特性来说，不同人为源微生物气溶胶中微生物组成与其产生源密切相关；同时，其组成也受其所处环境条件影响。基于以上分析，本文进一步展望了未来人为源微生物气溶胶的主要研究方向，以期为微生物气溶胶控制标准的制定及控制技术的研发奠定基础。

Abstract:

In recent years, the global outbreak of COVID-19 has aroused public attention to the potential risks of bioaerosols and the studies about the potential health hazards of bioaerosols from anthropogenic sources have been increasing. We introduced the research status of four main anthropogenic bioaerosols in recent years, compared the distribution and composition characteristics of bioaerosols from different anthropogenic sources, and analyzed the main factors affecting the characteristics and potential risks of bioaerosols. The average concentration of bioaerosol is high in animal farms, moderate in wastewater treatment plants and landfills, and low in hospitals. The microbial composition of bioaerosols at different sites is closely associated with the bioaerosol source and affected by the environmental conditions. Furthermore, this work prospected the main research directions of anthropogenic bioaerosols in the future, aiming to lay a foundation for the establishment of bioaerosol control standards and the development of control technology.