空间组织模式：微生物群落组装的“游戏”规则

Spatial organization patterns: rules of “game” for microbial community assembly

摘要:

在生物膜形成过程中，微生物种群之间通过主动或者被动的生物过程所形成的独特空间结构被称为空间组织模式。微生物空间组织模式广泛存在于自然和人工环境中，比如医疗、工业和生态系统等，是微生物形成和维持特定群落结构并发挥功能的主要方式，也是形成和维持微生物群落多样性的关键机制。然而，由于微生物群落的复杂性及相关研究方法的局限性，微生物空间组织模式方面的研究目前仍然处于起始阶段。本文梳理了微生物空间组织模式领域的研究进展，系统总结了空间组织模式初始阶段（微生物界面附着）和成熟阶段（空间自组织）的形成过程与协同机制，以及其对微生物养分利用和元素循环、微生物多样性维持和种群进化及功能的影响和调控机制，并分析了影响微生物空间组织模式的关键环境因素。

Abstract:

During biofilm formation, the unique spatial structure formed upon active or passive biological processes among microbial populations is called spatial organization pattern. Microbial spatial organization patterns are ubiquitous in natural and artificial environments, such as the medical, industrial and ecological systems and processes. They are critical for the causes and consequences of microbial community structure, biodiversity maintenance, and ecological functions and thereby have received extensive attention. Nevertheless, mechanistic understanding of microbial spatial organization and ecological consequences remains elusive largely due to the extremely complex microbial communities and limited research methodologies. The paper aims to summarize the state-of-the-art in microbial spatial self-organization, the key determining environmental factors, and the impact on nutrient utilization, element cycling, evolution and diversity maintenance, and ecological functions of microbes.