人工疏蕾对杏鲍菇产量及品质的影响

Effect of artificial bud thinning on yield and quality of Pleurotus eryngii

摘要:

【背景】工厂化栽培中，杏鲍菇是不定点出菇，通常采用人工疏蕾的方法来实现对子实体数目的控制，但目前关于人工疏蕾保留子实体的数目无具体的研究。【目的】通过人工疏蕾的方式，研究保留不同子实体数目对杏鲍菇产量及品质的影响。【方法】对各处理组进行基质利用情况测定，对采收后各组子实体进行产量、形态指标及质构特性的测定。【结果】保留3—4个子实体的基质利用率较高，在生产实际中对成本的浪费较少；保留不同子实体数目对子实体形态指标、单菇重量及单包产量都有显著影响，保留1个子实体时，单菇重量最大但单包产量最低，保留4个子实体时，单包产量较高且子实体形态一致；从质构特性来看，保留子实体数目为4个时，杏鲍菇子实体品质最好、口感最佳。【结论】在杏鲍菇工厂化生产的人工疏蕾环节，保留子实体数目为3—4个时可以减少对成本的浪费，获得产量较高、品质较好的产品。

Abstract:

[Background] In industrial scale cultivation, Pleurotus eryngii features random fruiting, and the number of fruiting bodies is usually controlled by artificial bud thinning. However, there is no study available on the optimal number of fruiting bodies retained at the moment. [Objective] To explore the effect of different numbers of fruiting bodies retained by artificial bud thinning on the yield and quality of P. eryngii. [Methods] The substrate utilization in each treatment was monitored. The morphological indexes, yield, and texture characteristics of fruiting bodies after harvest were measured. [Results] The substrate utilization rate was the highest in the treatment with 3−4 fruiting bodies retained with little waste. The number of fruiting bodies retained had significant influence on the morphological indexes of fruiting bodies, weight of single fruiting body, and yield of single package. In the case of 1 fruiting body retained, the weight of single fruiting body was the highest, but the yield of single package was the lowest. When 4 fruiting bodies were retained, the yield of single package was high and the morphology of fruiting bodies was the same. As for the texture, when 4 fruiting bodies were preserved, the quality and taste of the fruiting body were the best. [Conclusion] In artificial bud thinning in industrial scale production of P. eryngii, preserving 3−4 fruiting bodies can help achieve high and quality at low cost.