基于ATP生物发光法的微生物数量快速检测技术的研究进展

Research progress in rapid detection of microbial count based on ATP bioluminescence

摘要:

微生物数量的快速检测一直是工业生产与食品行业需要解决的问题，腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate，ATP)生物发光法具有操作简便、检测周期短等优点，可满足一般微生物检测的需求。然而，ATP生物发光法的准确性也受到不同因素的影响，如微生物的ATP检测限值较高、微生物自身及其他因素(如非微生物ATP、提取剂种类、荧光素酶活性等)均对微生物数量的检测产生影响。本文简述了不同微生物数量检测方法的优缺点，介绍了ATP生物发光法的发展历程及原理，综述了非微生物ATP与游离ATP、微生物量、ATP提取剂、荧光素酶等因素对ATP生物发光法灵敏度与稳定性的影响，归纳总结了ATP生物发光法及检测设备在食品、医疗、污水处理等领域的应用现状，并就ATP生物发光法体系的优化及ATP在线检测的应用等方面进行了展望，以期为ATP生物发光法的高效应用提供新的思路。

Abstract:

The rapid detection of microbial count has always been an issue to be solved in industrial production and food industry. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method with simple operation and short detection period can meet the needs of general microbial detection. However, this method still has some limitations, such as the high limit of detection, the influence of microorganisms and other factors (non-microbial ATP, extractants, luciferase activity, etc.), all of which impact the detection results. This paper first introduced the common methods for detecting the microbial count and reviewed the development history and principle of ATP bioluminescence; expounded the effects of non-microbial ATP, free ATP, microbial biomass, ATP extractants, and luciferase on the sensitivity and stability of ATP bioluminescence method. Furthermore, summarized the application status of this method in food industry, medical services, and sewage treatment. Finally, we discussed the optimization of the detection system and the application of ATP online detection. Through this review, we aim to provide a new idea for the efficient application of ATP bioluminescence method.