高温油藏生物膜内硫酸盐还原菌的腐蚀机理及防治策略

Corrosion mechanism of sulfate-reducing bacteria in biofilms in high-temperature oil reservoirs and inhibition strategies

摘要:

硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate-reducing bacteria，SRB)广泛分布于高温、高压及高盐的石油油藏中，在油藏硫循环中起主导作用。SRB能在油藏生物膜内生长，有微量低分子有机酸时利用硫酸盐为电子受体并将其还原成硫化氢。硫化氢会腐蚀管道，导致原油泄露等其他安全问题，每年造成的经济损失超过7 000亿元。本文首先总结了油藏生物膜内微生物菌群多样性，分析了生物膜内SRB及其相关菌群的协同腐蚀机理；然后讨论了高温油藏SRB介导的硫氮氢生物地球化学循环过程、胞外电子传递机制及其腐蚀作用，并通过几个高温油藏SRB生物膜内腐蚀的现场案例进一步阐明了SRB的腐蚀机制。在此基础上，提出了应对高温油藏生物膜内SRB腐蚀的生物纳米防治策略，这为高温油藏管道防腐提供了新思路。

Abstract:

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), the anaerobic bacteria omnipresent in petroleum reservoirs, play an essential part in the cycling of sulfur in oil reservoirs. Many SRB can reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide which corrodes metal pipes, thus leading to lots of safety problems such as oil spill and causing economic loss of over 700 billion CNY each year. In this paper, the diversity of microbial communities living within biofilms of reservoirs and the synergistic corrosion mechanism of SRB with other related groups in biofilms were first summarized. Then, the sulfur-nitrogen-hydrogen biogeochemical cycle mediated by SRB in high-temperature reservoirs, the extracellular electron transfer mechanism, and the corrosion were discussed. Moreover, we introduced the field cases of SRB corrosion in high-temperature oil reservoirs to further elucidate the mechanism of SRB corrosion. Finally, we proposed to control the corrosion of SRB in biofilms in high-temperature reservoirs with nanomaterials.