灰树花活性多糖构效关系研究进展

Advances in structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa

摘要:

灰树花是一种珍贵的食药用菌，具有降血糖、抗肿瘤、免疫调节和抗病毒等多种生物活性。灰树花多糖是其主要的活性成分，多糖的生物活性与多糖的结构密切相关。本文综述了从20世纪80年代起国内外已报道的灰树花活性多糖的结构表征。部分研究认为多糖的降血糖活性可能与β-1,6-葡聚糖主链化学结构相关，而灰树花多糖结构为β-1,6主链或β-1,3主链葡聚糖时具有较好的抗肿瘤活性。然而多糖结构异常复杂，精细结构的解析困难，导致目前灰树花多糖结构表征一般止步于单糖组成、分子量、糖苷键类型、分支结构和粗略分子链构象，但二维核磁(two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance，2D-NMR)和高分辨质谱联用等技术的发展将有助于解开灰树花多糖构效关系，并为灰树花活性多糖的开发利用提供理论依据。

关键词:灰树花;多糖;降血糖;抗肿瘤;结构表征;构效关系

Abstract:

Grifola frondosa is a precious edible and medicinal fungus with anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and antiviral activities. Polysaccharides are the main active component of G. frondosa, with the biological activity associated with the structure. We reviewed the structural characterization of active polysaccharides from G. frondosa. Some studies suggest that the blood sugar-lowering activity might be related to the chemical structure with β-1,6-glucan as the main chain, and the polysaccharides have better antitumor activity when the main chain is β-1,6-glucan or β-1,3-glucan. However, the complex structure makes it difficult to dissect the fine structure of G. frondosa polysaccharides. As a result, the structural characterization of G. frondosa polysaccharides is generally limited to monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, glycosidic bond type, branching structure, and rough molecular chain conformation. The advancing 2D-NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry will help to disclose the structure-activity relationship and provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of G. frondosa polysaccharides.

Key words:Grifola frondosa;polysaccharides;hypoglycemic;anti-tumor;structural characterization;structure-activity relationship