丛枝菌根真菌防治尖孢镰孢枯萎病的效应、机制及其应用研究进展

Effect, mechanisms and application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for biological control of Fusarium oxysporum-caused wilt: a review

摘要:

尖孢镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)所引起的植物枯萎病是农业生产中广泛存在且难以防治的一种土传病害，严重影响作物的产量和品质。丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza，AM)真菌能够与大部分陆生植物形成互惠共生关系，在促进植物生长、增强宿主植物抗病性等方面具有重要作用。本文收集整理了2001-2021年期间发表的相关文献，评述了AM真菌防治尖孢镰孢枯萎病的研究进展，并分析了AM真菌菌剂组成及应用方式对病害发生情况和尖孢镰孢丰度的影响。根据AM真菌在土壤-植物连续体的空间位置及其影响范围，从土壤、根系、植株等作用层面对AM真菌增强植物抵抗尖孢镰孢的直接和间接作用机制进行总结，包括影响土壤微环境、调节植物根际微生物群落结构、与病原菌竞争生态位、强化根系机械保护屏障、促进宿主植物养分吸收和生长、诱导植物系统性抗性等。此外，综合讨论了AM真菌与其他手段联合应用防治尖孢镰孢枯萎病的应用研究进展。本文可为推进AM真菌生物防治病害相关基础与应用研究的发展提供借鉴和参考。

关键词:丛枝菌根真菌;尖孢镰孢;抗病机制;联合应用

Abstract:

Plant wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne disease common in agricultural production systems and difficult to control, which possess a serious threat to crop yield and quality. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can form mutualistic symbiosis with most terrestrial plants and play important roles in promoting plant growth and enhancing plant disease resistance. We collected and analyzed the relevant literature published during 2001–2021 and summarized the research progress of biological control of F. oxysporum-caused wilt by AM fungi. We investigated the effects of AM fungal inoculum compositions and application modes on the disease development and the abundance of F. oxysporum. We further summarized the direct and indirect mechanisms of AM fungi in enhancing plant resistance against F. oxysporum from the aspects of soil, root and plant. The mechanisms included affecting soil micro-environment, regulating rhizosphere microbial community structure, competing for niche with pathogens, strengthening root mechanical protection barrier, promoting nutrient absorption and inducing systemic resistance of plants. In addition, we analyzed the progress and deficiency of AM fungi combined with other measures for the control of F. oxysporum-caused wilt. The present review is expected to promote the development of fundamental research and application of AM fungi in biological control of plant diseases.

Key words:arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi;Fusarium oxysporum;disease resistance mechanism;combined application