超高温堆肥促进氮素减损的微生物机制研究进展

Progress in the microbial mechanism for the promotion of nitrogen loss reduction by hyperthermophilic composting

摘要:

堆肥中氮的循环在很大程度上依赖微生物驱动的氮素转化。传统高温堆肥最高堆温普遍在55-60℃，温度的提高有利于缩短堆肥周期和提高堆肥品质。超高温堆肥作为近年来快速发展的新兴技术，不但能突破传统堆肥工艺堆温低的局限，并且持续的超高温调控了堆肥微生物组、堆肥环境与氮素的互作，减少了氮素的损失。本文综述了堆体的氮循环过程及超高温堆肥技术在保氮方面的显著优势，以及超高温堆肥过程中具有氮代谢功能的优势微生物种群及其影响因素，重点介绍有关超高温堆肥控制氮素损失的作用机制研究进展，同时对超高温堆肥现有研究中存在的问题进行分析并探讨解决途径。

Abstract:

Nitrogen cycle within composting is largely dependent on microorganism-driven nitrogen transformation. However, the maximum temperatures of conventional thermophilic composting systems only reach 55–60 ℃. Notably, rising the temperature can shorten the duration of processing and improve the quality of end products. Hyperthermophilic composting as an innovative technology has been developed in recent years, breaking through the limitations of low pile temperatures. The continuous ultra-high temperature regulates the interactions between composting microbiome, composting environment, and nitrogen, and thus significantly reduces nitrogen loss. This paper introduced the basic process of nitrogen transformation and the superiority in nitrogen retention during hyperthermophilic composting. Further, we summarized the recent research progress in dominant microbial groups associated with nitrogen transformation, the factors influencing functional microbes, and the mechanism for controlling nitrogen loss in hyperthermophilic composting. Finally, we analyzed the problems in the current research about hyperthermophilic composting and discussed the possible solutions.