基于翻译调控的细菌耐药研究进展

Drug resistance of bacteria based on translation regulation: a review

摘要:

由于抗生素的大量使用，细菌耐药问题凸显，直接威胁人类生命健康和世界经济发展。过去对于细菌耐药的遗传和分子机制研究较为透彻，而对应的调控机制研究相对较少。翻译调控作为生命体最重要的调控方式之一，在细菌耐药研究领域的重要性尚未被学术界充分重视。本文介绍了影响翻译过程的抗生素的主要作用机制，重点从核糖体的修饰和突变、tRNA总量的动态调控、tRNA氨酰化、tRNA甲基化、核糖体保护蛋白和翻译因子这几个方面概述了基于翻译调控的细菌耐药研究进展，为研究者们提供了一个基于翻译调控角度研究细菌耐药的新视角，同时也为开发靶向细菌翻译调控的新型抗生素提供一些新思路。

Abstract:

Due to the extensive use of antibiotics, the drug resistance of bacteria has become prominent, threatening human health and economy. The genetic and molecular mechanisms of bacterial drug resistance have been intensively investigated, while the corresponding regulatory mechanism has been rarely explored. Translation regulation, one of the most important regulation methods in organisms, has been underestimated in the research on bacterial resistance. This review introduced the main mechanisms of antibiotics affecting the translation process, and systematically summarized the research progress of bacterial resistance based on translation regulation from the aspects of ribosomal modification and mutation, dynamic regulation of total tRNA, tRNA aminoacylation, tRNA methylation, ribosomal protective proteins and translation factors, etc. We hope to provide a new perspective on the bacterial drug resistance, as well as some new ideas for the development of novel translation-targeted antibiotics.