四川甘孜州高山葡萄酒产区酵母菌多样性分析

Diversity analysis of yeasts in the Ganzi alpine wine region, Sichuan

摘要:

【背景】西南高山葡萄酒产区的甘孜州产区，具有生产优质葡萄酒的自然禀赋。【目的】研究四川甘孜州葡萄酒产区真核微生物种类多样性、本土酿酒酵母遗传多样性，以及商业酵母对本土酵母多样性的影响。【方法】利用ITS高通量测序技术对赤霞珠接种发酵和自然发酵过程中的微生物进行多样性分析，并利用Interdelta指纹图谱分析法，对经过26S rRNA基因鉴定的野生酿酒酵母基因型进行分类。【结果】ITS测序结果显示，接种发酵和自然发酵各时期均注释到7个科7个属的酵母，通过Interdelta指纹图谱分析发现甘孜州产区的酿酒酵母共有5种基因型。该产区酿酒酵母的6株代表菌株与我国其他产区109株酿酒酵母的进化树分析结果显示，均与来自北京产区的酿酒酵母菌株亲缘关系更近。【结论】甘孜州葡萄酒子产区酵母资源丰富，表现出较高的微生物多样性和中等程度的本土酿酒酵母基因型多样性，为后续优良本土酵母菌株的筛选奠定基础。

Abstract:

[Background] Ganzi, an alpine wine region in southwestern China, enjoys favorable natural conditions for making wine. [Objective] To study the diversity of eukaryotic microorganisms, the genetic diversity of native Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the diversity of native yeasts under the influence of commercial yeasts in the Ganzi wine region. [Methods] Cabernet Sauvignon grapes were grouped for Inoculated fermentation and natural fermentation. Then, Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the diversity of microorganisms during fermentation, and Interdelta fingerprinting was employed for classifying the genotypes of wild S. cerevisiae identified by 26S rRNA gene. [Results] Yeasts in 7 genera of 7 families in the natural fermentation and Inoculated fermentation were respectively identified, and Interdelta fingerprinting showed 5 genotypes of S. cerevisiae in Ganzi wine region. According to the phylogenetic tree of 6 representative S. cerevisiae strains in the Ganzi wine region and 109 S. cerevisiae strains from other producing areas in China, the 6 strains were in close genetic relationship with those from Beijing. [Conclusion] Ganzi wine region is rich in yeast resources, showing high microbial diversity and moderate genotypic diversity of native S. cerevisiae, which presents a potential for searching excellent native strains.