龙凤湿地与珰奈湿地底泥细菌古菌多样性及其对环境因子的响应

Diversity of bacteria and archaea in sediments of Longfeng wetland and Dangnai wetland and its response to environmental factors

摘要:

【背景】城市湿地和天然湿地受到人为扰动影响的程度显著不同。【目的】研究2种不同类型湿地底泥微生物多样性及种类的差异。【方法】采集冬夏两季城市湿地(龙凤湿地)和天然湿地(珰奈湿地)的底泥样品，使用16S rRNA基因测序技术测定底泥中细菌和古菌群落结构，分析2种湿地底泥的细菌、古菌差异及环境因素与微生物的相关性。【结果】龙凤湿地底泥中的硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)丰度显著高于珰奈湿地(P<0.05)； Methanoregula在珰奈湿地底泥中的丰度高于龙凤湿地；冬季厌氧绳菌属(Anaerolinea)和甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)在珰奈湿地底泥中的丰度显著高于龙凤湿地(P<0.05)。【结论】龙凤湿地与珰奈湿地的差异主要影响湿地底泥中参与元素循环的细菌和产甲烷古菌的丰度，人为干扰和低温会降低湿地中微生物的多样性，pH、盐分和碱性磷酸酶是显著影响微生物多样性的环境因素。

Abstract:

[Background] Anthropogenic disturbance affects urban wetlands and natural wetlands to different degrees. [Objective] To study the differences of microbial diversity in sediments of two different types of wetlands. [Methods] The sediment samples of Longfeng wetland and Dangnai wetland were collected in winter and summer. The bacterial and archaeal community structures were determined via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The differences of bacteria and archaea between the two wetlands and the correlations between environmental factors and microorganisms were analyzed. [Results] The abundance of Thiobacillus, Bacillus, and Sphingomonas in the sediment of Longfeng wetland was higher than that of Dangnai wetland (P<0.05). The abundance of Methanoregula in Dangnai wetland was higher than that in Longfeng wetland. Anaerolinea and Methanosarcina had higher abundance in the sediment of Dangnai wetland than in Longfeng wetland in winter (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The differences between Longfeng wetland and Dangnai wetland mainly affect the abundance of methanogenic archaea and bacteria involved in element cycling in the sediment. Human disturbance and low temperature can reduce the diversity of microorganisms in the wetlands, and pH, salinity, and alkaline phosphatase are the main environmental factors that significantly affect the microbial diversity.