甲烷代谢古菌分离培养研究进展

Isolation and culture of methanogenic and methanotrophic archaea：a review

摘要:

全球变暖是全人类面临的一个巨大挑战，而温室气体排放持续上升是全球变暖的关键因素，并引发一系列生态环境问题。甲烷是第二温室气体，对全球变暖的贡献达20%。然而，在甲烷代谢中发挥重要作用的产甲烷古菌和厌氧甲烷氧化古菌(anaerobic methanotroph，ANME)较难培养，极大地限制了人们对甲烷代谢及其影响碳源-汇关系与机制的研究。本文综述了最新产甲烷古菌和ANME富集、分离和培养方法，包括富集培养、原位培养、共培养、微流控技术、稀释分离和固体分离技术、ANME反应器和培养瓶富集培养，以及宏基因组预测和反向基因组学，并对这些方法的优缺点进行了评估，对未来甲烷代谢古菌的富集、分离和培养提出新的建议。

Abstract:

Climate warming is a global challenge, and the main culprit is the continuous emission of greenhouse gases. Methane (CH₄), the second most abundant greenhouse gas, accounts for 20% of global warming effects. However, it is difficult to culture methanogens and anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME), which play an important role in methane metabolism, thus hindering the research on methane metabolism, the influence on related carbon resource-sink relationships, and the mechanism. This paper reviewed the enrichment, culture and isolation methods of methanogens and ANME, including enrichment culture, in-situ culture, co-culture, microfluidic technologies, dilution-extinction and solid separation technologies, ANME reactor and flask enrichment culture, metagenomic prediction, and reverse genomics. Then we evaluated these methods and put forward suggestions for the future enrichment, isolation, and culture of methane-metabolizing archaea.