嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌在疾病中的保护性作用及机制研究进展

Protective effect of Akkermansia muciniphila in diseases and the mechanisms

摘要:

嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌(Akkermansia muciniphila，Akk)是人类肠道正常存在的常见共生菌，丰度约占肠菌的1%−3%。Akk是极少数已知在肠道平衡态下仍能引发T细胞依赖性免疫作用的肠菌，提示该菌可能参与正常肠道免疫耐受过程。疾病和模型动物研究表明，Akk在改善宿主代谢功能和免疫应答方面具有重要作用，近期引起广泛关注。目前相关研究大多集中在Akk与疾病的相关性上，尚无系统阐述其作用机制的研究。本文对Akk与人体几大重要系统疾病和免疫之间的关联及其作用机制进行论述，以期为Akk的有效利用提供证据和思路。

Abstract:

The intestinal symbiotic Akkermansia muciniphila comprises 1%–3% of gut microbiota, which induces T cell-dependent immune response during intestinal homeostasis. Thus, it may be involved in immune tolerance of normal gut. Experiments on disease and model animals have proven the vital role of this bacterial species in improving metabolic functions and immune response of the hosts, which has attracted the interests of scholars. Previous studies mainly focused on the correlation between A. muciniphila and diseases, but the mechanisms have not been systematically explored. This study aims to discuss the relationships of A. muciniphila with diseases in major human systems and immunity and the mechanisms, which is expected to provide evidence and routes for effective utilization of this bacterial species.