聚合物微流控芯片消毒灭菌技术研究进展

Research progress on sterilization technology of polymer microfluidic chip

摘要:

聚合物微流控芯片成本低、易加工，目前在医药、生物检测和化学合成等领域得到了普遍应用。以热塑性聚合物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate，PMMA)和热固型聚合物聚二甲基硅氧烷(polydimethylsiloxane，PDMS)为基材的高分子聚合物材料因具有较好的生物相容性和光学透明性，已逐渐成为聚合物微流控芯片加工的主导材料，被广泛应用于生物医药类微流控芯片的制备。鉴于该类芯片应用场景的特殊性，需在使用前进行消毒灭菌处理以避免微生物干扰。目前，针对PMMA和PDMS的消毒灭菌方法包括高压蒸汽灭菌、紫外线灭菌、电子束、⁶⁰Co γ射线辐射灭菌、超临界二氧化碳灭菌、乙醇消毒、环氧乙烷灭菌、过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌、绿原酸消毒、清洗剂消毒。本文从基本原理、消毒灭菌方法、应用场景等方面，回顾和总结了相关技术在PMMA和PDMS基体微流控芯片中的实现方法，并在芯片材质、适用范围等方面分析了所适用的消毒灭菌方法，为以聚合物为基材的生物医药类微流控芯片的消毒灭菌提供有益参考。

关键词:聚合物微流控芯片;消毒灭菌;物理方法;化学方法

Abstract:

Polymer microfluidic chips have a wide range of application in medicine, biological detection, chemical synthesis and other fields because of its low cost and easy fabrication. Polymer materials based on thermoplastic polymer polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and thermosetting polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), with good biological compatibility and optical transparency, are commonly used as the base material for the preparation of microfluidic chips in biomedicine. However, in view of the particular application scenarios, this kind of chips need to be sterilized prior to use to avoid microbial interference. The available sterilization methods for PMMA and PDMS based materials include autoclaving, ultraviolet, electron beam, ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation, supercritical carbon dioxide sterilization, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, ethylene oxide, chlorogenic acid and detergent. This paper reviews and summarizes the related operation methods for the PMMA and PDMS based microfluidic chips from basic principle, sterilization methods, and application scenarios. Meanwhile, we analyze the applicable sterilization methods according to chip material and application, aiming to provide reference for the sterilization of microfluidic chips in biomedicine.

Key words:polymer microfluidic chips;sterilization;physical method;chemical method