常压室温等离子体诱变育种与微生物液滴培养筛选技术应用进展

Application progress of atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutation breeding and microbial microdroplet culture screening technology

摘要:

安全和高效的微生物突变及高通量筛选技术是微生物功能发掘、功能创制和生物产业技术创新的重要方向及重要支撑。有效的生物育种技术及高通量筛选技术成为该领域研究人员的关注点。其中，常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma，ARTP)因具有活性粒子种类多、操作可控性强、基因损伤强度高、诱变速度快、操作条件温和、安全性高等特点，已用于100余种微生物和动植物的诱变育种，成为微生物的高效育种新方法。微生物液滴培养(microbial microdroplet culture，MMC)可以快速生成大量微液滴并可实现独立控制单个液滴，每个液滴都可以作为独立的单元进行微生物培养，具有容量小、高通量、模块化、可操作性良好并可进行在线检测等特点，为面向微生物菌种高效选育的进化培养和筛选提供了高通量筛选平台，因此在微生物的高通量培养方面具有独特的应用优势。本文总结了近年来常压室温等离子体诱变技术在食药用真菌育种以及微生物液滴培养在微生物高通量分析分选领域的应用进展，以期为食药用真菌的育种领域提供借鉴和参考。

Abstract:

Safe and efficient microbial mutagenesis and high-throughput screening techniques are important for discovering microbial functions,endowing microbes with new functions,and developing new technology for biological industry.Thus,effective breeding and high-throughput screening techniques have attracted the interest of researchers.Atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP),characterized by rich reactive species,ease of operation,severe DNA damage,high efficiency,moderate operation conditions,and high safety,has been used for the mutation breeding of over 100 microorganisms,animals,and plants,particularly the efficient breeding of microorganisms.Microbial microdroplet culture (MMC) generates a large number of microdroplets in a short time,with independent control of individual droplets and each droplet as an independent micro-cultivator.Attributing to the small volume,high throughput,good controllability,and real-time monitoring,the modularized system allows high-throughput cultivation and adaptive evolution of microbes,demonstrating unique advantages in high-throughput culture of microbes.This review summarized the application of ARTP to the breeding of edible and medicinal mushrooms and MMC system to high-throughput sorting of microbes,which is expected to serve as a reference for the breeding of edible and medicinal fungi.