葡萄球菌致病毒力因子酚溶性调节蛋白的研究进展

Research progress on staphylococcal virulence factors phenol-soluble modulins

摘要:

葡萄球菌是临床常见的革兰氏阳性致病菌，包括表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等。随着耐药葡萄球菌的出现，尤其是多药耐药葡萄球菌的传播和蔓延，其感染性疾病的发病率和死亡率逐年升高。葡萄球菌的高致病性与其表达大量毒力因子密切相关。酚溶性调节蛋白(phenol-soluble modulin，PSM)是一组具有广泛溶细胞活性的两亲性肽，是葡萄球菌分泌的一种重要的毒力因子。PSM诱导炎症反应、影响免疫细胞功能、参与细菌免疫逃逸并参与葡萄球菌引起的皮肤软组织感染、脓毒症、生物膜相关感染、骨组织感染和特应性皮炎的致病过程。本文主要是从PSM对宿主免疫系统的影响及其在常见葡萄球菌感染性疾病中的作用等方面进行简要概述。

关键词:葡萄球菌;毒力因子;酚溶性调节蛋白

Abstract:

Staphylococcus are common Gram-positive pathogens,including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus.With the emergence of drug-resistant staphylococci,especially the spread of multidrug resistant strains,the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus are increasing year by year.The high pathogenicity of Staphylococcus is associated with the large number of virulence factors.Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are a group of amphipathic peptides with broad cytolytic activity,which are major virulence factors released by Staphylococcus.PSMs could contribute to inflammation,affect immune cell function,participate in bacterial immune escape,and play a role in the pathogenic mechanism of skin and soft tissue infections,sepsis,biofilm-related infections,bone tissue infections,and atopic dermatitis caused by staphylococci.This article briefly summarizes the impact of PSMs on the host immune system and the roles of PSMs in common infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus.

Key words:Staphylococcus; virulence factors;phenol-soluble modulin