皮肤共生菌在皮肤健康和疾病中的作用研究进展

Emerging roles of commensal bacteria in skin health and diseases

摘要:

人体皮肤上有多种微生物定居，这些微生物群落的组成、分布和动态变化对皮肤的健康状况和疾病有着重要的调节作用。然而，人们一直不清楚皮肤微生物群落如何影响人类健康。对皮肤共生菌进行深入研究，不仅有助于发现有益皮肤共生菌菌株，也有助于筛选相应皮肤疾病新的药物靶标。近年来，对皮肤共生菌与宿主之间相互影响和作用机制的研究逐渐深入，本文旨在总结关于皮肤共生菌研究的最新发现。首先简要介绍了皮肤共生菌的分布和基本群落组成，以及其在通过行使抗菌、抗炎、免疫调节及抗癌等功能来维持皮肤健康中的重要作用，然后详细综述了皮肤共生菌失衡参与多种皮肤疾病包括银屑病、痤疮、玫瑰痤疮和系统性硬化症的发生及发展的最新研究发现，最后讨论了肠道菌群和皮肤共生菌通过肠-皮肤轴也存在着密切的相互调控关系。总之，皮肤共生菌的平衡对维持皮肤的健康起了重要的作用，因此急切地需要更多的研究来更深入地了解皮肤共生菌和宿主细胞的相互作用，并开发靶向皮肤微生物的药物来治疗皮肤疾病。

Abstract:

Human skin is colonized by diverse microorganisms,whose composition,distribution,and dynamic changes play an important role in regulating skin health and diseases.However,it is still unclear how skin microbial community influences human health.In-depth research on skin commensal bacteria can help discover beneficial strains and screen out new drug targets for corresponding skin diseases.In recent years,there has been an explosion of research on the interaction of skin commensal bacteria with host cells and the mechanism.This review aims to sum up the latest findings on skin commensal bacteria.First,we summarized the distribution and basic community composition of skin commensal bacteria and their antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,and anticancer functions in maintaining skin health.Then we elaborated the latest discoveries on how skin microbiota dysbiosis is associated and involved in the pathogenesis of several skin diseases,including psoriasis,acne,rosacea,and systemic scleroderma.Finally,we discussed the close mutual regulation between skin commensal bacteria and intestinal flora through intestine-skin axis.In summary,balanced skin microbiota is crucial for skin health,and the host-skin commensal bacteria interaction mechanism should be comprehensively understood to design skin microorganisms-targeted drugs for skin diseases.