真菌草酸的代谢和作用研究进展

Research progress on metabolism and function of fungal oxalic acid

摘要:

草酸(oxalic acid)是一种重要的生物代谢产物，广泛分布于植物、动物和微生物中，在不同的生命体中发挥重要功能。本文回顾了国内外关于真菌草酸的相关研究进展。许多真菌能够分泌草酸，包括植物病原真菌、食药用真菌及工业真菌等。草酸作为一种简单的二元羧酸，在真菌中主要通过三羧酸循环途径、乙醛酸循环途径和草酰乙酸途径合成。草酸是真菌产生的一种重要的生物因子，能够影响真菌的生长与发育，还能够通过毒素作用、酸化寄主组织环境、参与细胞壁降解和诱导活性氧产生等作用方式，在真菌与寄主植物的互作中发挥作用，也在真菌的生活史和侵染循环中发挥重要的生物学和病理学作用。本文从草酸的理化特性、代谢途径、产草酸的真菌种类、草酸的作用和草酸相关基因功能等方面进行综述，并对未来真菌草酸研究应关注的问题提出了建议。

Abstract:

Oxalic acid, a metabolite with important functions, is ubiquitous in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Many fungi have been reported to be able to secrete oxalic acid, including plant pathogenic fungi, edible and medicinal fungi, and industrial fungi. Oxalic acid as a simple dicarboxylic acid is synthesized in fungi mainly through tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate cycle, and oxaloacetate pathway. Oxalic acid is an important biological factor produced by fungi, which not only affects the growth and development of fungi but also plays a role in fungus-plant interactions through toxin action, acidification of host plant tissue environment, participation in cell wall degradation, and induction of reactive oxygen species production. Therefore, it is essential in the life cycle and infection cycle of fungi. This paper reviews the properties and metabolism of oxalic acid, the oxalic acid-producing fungal species, the role of oxalic acid and oxalic acid-related genes in these species. Furthermore, we put forward the questions to be solved in the related research, aiming to provide scientific references for the utilization of the fungal resources producing oxalic acid and research ideas for the integrated management of plant fungal diseases.