秸秆还田对土壤微生态环境影响的研究进展

Research progress on effects of straw incorporation on soil micro-ecological environment

摘要:

秸秆是世界上最丰富的生物质资源之一，秸秆还田作为秸秆利用的主要方式，与农业可持续发展密切相关。微生物是土壤微生态系统中最活跃的生物因子，是土壤质量的重要生物学评价指标，也是受秸秆还田影响最为敏感的土壤因子。为了解秸秆还田所带来的土壤微生态效应，本文从土壤酶活性、微生物生物量、可培养微生物种群及微生物多样性等4个方面进行综述，分析了不同还田条件下土壤微生态指标的差异，讨论了现阶段秸秆还田研究的局限性，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望，以期为秸秆安全还田提供依据。

Abstract:

Straw is one of the most abundant biomass resources in the world. As the main utilization way of straw, straw incorporation is associated with the sustainable development of agriculture. Microorganisms are the most active bio-factors in the soil ecosystem, which are closely related to straw degradation, nutrient circulation, and soil health. To understand the micro-ecological effects of straw incorporation, we analyzed the soil enzyme activity, microbial biomass, culturable microbial populations, and diversity after straw incorporation. Furthermore, we compared the soil micro-ecological indicators under different conditions of straw incorporation, and discussed the limitations of the related studies. Finally, we put forward an outlook on the future research directions in this field. This study can provide a basis for safe straw incorporation.