厌氧氨氧化细菌及其群落内细菌互作关系研究进展

Characteristics of anammox bacteria and the interaction with other bacteria in anammox community: a review

摘要:

厌氧氨氧化细菌具有的厌氧氨氧化反应是在厌氧条件下将氨氮和亚硝氮或一氧化氮转化为硝氮、生成氮气的过程，因其能够高效低能地处理低碳氮比废水而广受关注。目前，厌氧氨氧化细菌仍未实现纯培养，借助宏组学手段研究厌氧氨氧化细菌及其群落内细菌之间的互作关系是近年来的研究趋势。本文介绍了厌氧氨氧化细菌的种类和特性，综述了厌氧氨氧化细菌的代谢多样性及其群落内细菌间的物质协同利用和信息交流方式，这对厌氧氨氧化群落的稳定具有重要影响，最后对值得进一步深入研究的问题做了总结和展望，以期为后续深入研究细菌间的互作关系提供参考，进而为构建稳定高效的厌氧氨氧化脱氮体系提供思路。

Abstract:

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, which convert NH₄⁺ and NO₂^- or NO into NO₃^- and N₂ under anaerobic conditions, feature high efficiency and low energy consumption in the treatment of low carbon-nitrogen ratio wastewater, thus attracting great attention. At present, pure culture of anammox bacteria has not been realized, and there has been an explosion of research on anammox bacteria and the interaction with other bacteria in anammox community by meta-omics approaches. In this paper, we introduced the taxa and characteristics of anammox bacteria, reviewed the nitrogen metabolism and carbon metabolism of them, discussed the interaction of them with other bacteria in the anammox community in metabolism and information exchange which are important for the stability of the community, and finally summarized the future research directions. The result is expected to serve as a reference for in-depth study of the interaction between anammox bacteria and other bacteria in the community and establishment of stable and efficient nitrogen-removing systems with anammox bacteria.