流感病毒交叉反应性记忆T细胞的研究进展

Advances in influenza virus cross-reactive memory T cells

摘要:

流感病毒是长期威胁人类健康最主要的病毒之一。灭活流感疫苗主要产生针对病毒血凝素的菌株特异性抗体，当新出现的流感病毒株与疫苗株不匹配时，疫苗的有效性将会大大降低。由于季节性流感病毒的抗原漂移和突变的持续出现，人们迫切地需要找到更广泛的保护方式。在以往的研究中，人们逐渐意识到细胞免疫的重要性，尤其是预先存在的记忆T细胞能靶向识别流感病毒内部保守蛋白，可与多种亚型的流感病毒发生交叉反应，并对随后同种亚型或不同亚型的流感病毒感染提供一定的保护作用。本文通过对流感病毒交叉反应性记忆T细胞的研究进展及交叉反应性记忆T细胞在流感预防中的一些指导应用进行综述，以期为流感的预防和疫苗的研发提供新的参考。

Abstract:

Influenza virus is one of the most important viruses that threaten human health for a long time. The inactivated influenza vaccine mainly produces strain-specific antibodies against the viral hemagglutinin. When the newly emerging influenza virus strain does not match the vaccine strain, the effectiveness of the vaccine will be greatly reduced. Due to the continuous emergence of antigenic drift and mutation of seasonal influenza viruses, people urgently need to find a wider range of protection methods. Previous studies show the importance of cellular immunity, especially the pre-existing memory T cells. Pre-existing memory T cells which target and recognize the conserved proteins inside influenza viruses can cross-react with influenza viruses of multiple subtypes, providing a certain degree of protection to influenza virus infections of the same subtypes or different subtypes. This article reviews the research progress of influenza virus cross-reactive memory T cells and some guiding applications of cross-reactive memory T cells in influenza prevention, aiming to provide a new reference for influenza prevention and vaccine development.