微生物合成鼠李糖脂的高产优化策略研究进展

Advances in optimization strategies for microbial high production of rhamnolipids

摘要:

鼠李糖脂是当前研究和应用最热门的生物表面活性剂之一，广泛应用于石油开采、环境修复、农业等领域。与化学表面活性剂相比，鼠李糖脂较低的合成产量导致其生产成本相对较高，限制了鼠李糖脂的大规模推广应用。因此，开展鼠李糖脂的高产优化调控研究，对于推动鼠李糖脂的研究与应用具有重要意义。本文简要介绍了鼠李糖脂的生物合成与影响因素；重点综述了鼠李糖脂的高产菌株选育、异源合成、代谢途径调控、发酵优化等高产优化策略研究进展，分析了各种高产优化策略的优缺点，并对当前鼠李糖脂高产优化研究提出了一些思考与展望。

Abstract:

Rhamnolipids, the biosurfactants extensively studied, are widely used in enhanced oil recovery, environmental pollution remediation, agriculture, etc. However, compared with chemical surfactants, rhamnolipids has low biosynthetic yield, which leads to the high production cost and limits its large-scale application. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the optimization strategies for the high production of rhamnolipids. This paper briefs the biosynthesis of rhamnolipids and its influencing factors, reviews the recent advances in optimization strategies, including screening and improvement of high-yielding microbial strains, heterologous biosynthesis, biosynthetic pathway regulation, and fermentation optimization, for high production of rhamnolipids, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies. Finally, we put forward insights and prospects for the current research on the high production of rhamnolipids.