葡萄球菌细胞外囊泡研究进展

Advances in extracellular vesicles of Staphylococcus spp.

摘要:

细胞外囊泡（extracellular vesicles，EV）是由脂质双分子层包裹着蛋白质、核酸等生物分子组成的天然纳米结构颗粒。EV作为细胞间无细胞通讯的一种方式，通过传递包括遗传信息在内的大量生物分子来影响细胞间的通讯。此外，EV还参与多种生物学功能的调控，如免疫调节、细胞间竞争、水平基因转移和致病性等。革兰氏阳性细菌分泌的EV携带多种化合物，这些化合物在细菌竞争、生存、入侵、抗生素耐药和感染方面发挥多样化作用。目前对于细菌EV的研究主要集中在革兰氏阴性细菌中，对革兰氏阳性细菌EV的研究报道较少，其中对葡萄球菌EV的报道主要是金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌。这篇综述介绍了葡萄球菌EV的化学成分组成、功能和分泌的影响因素及临床应用。

Abstract:

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are particles with natural nanostructure, which are composed of biomolecules such as protein and nucleic acid wrapped in a lipid bilayer. EV is a means of cell-free communication between cells and affect cell-to-cell communication by transmitting large quantities of biomolecules, including genetic information. In addition, EV has been associated with many phenomena, such as immune regulation, intercellular competition, horizontal gene transfer, and pathogenicity. EVs secreted by Gram-positive bacteria carry a wide variety of compounds that play important roles in bacterial competition, survival, invasion, antibiotic resistance and infection. Currently, the studies on bacterial EVs mainly focused on Gram-negative bacteria, and few reports on Gram-positive bacteria in which the EVs produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the most frequently investigated. In this review, the chemical composition, influencing factors, functions and clinical application of Staphylococcal EVs are summarized.