嗜角蛋白真菌的界定、研究方法及其应用价值

Delimitation, research methods and application of keratinophilic fungi

摘要:

嗜角蛋白真菌（keratinophilic fungi）是指能降解角蛋白并能利用其作为唯一营养源的真菌类群，大部分隶属于爪甲团囊菌目（Onygenales）、散囊菌目（Eurotiales）和肉座菌目（Hypocreales）。由于该类群分布广、种类多、营养方式多样，其研究方法和技术手段也在不断进步，加深了其研究的深度。为了促进对该类群研究现状和研究不足的认识，本文对嗜角蛋白真菌的定义进行了界定，整理了其所包含的主要类群，介绍了3种主要研究方法，总结了该类群在饲料、皮革、医药和农业方面及作为生物指标等方面的应用价值，展望了嗜角蛋白真菌的进一步研究方向。

Abstract:

Keratinophilic fungi are those species that can degrade keratin and utilize keratin materials as the only nutrient source most of which belong to Onygenales, Eurotiales and Hypocreales. Since these fungi are widely distributed in various environment or niches, and have many varieties and nutritional diversity, more and more methods and techniques have been developed for investigation and characterization of these species. In order to promote the understanding of the current status and research shortage of keratinophilic fungi, this paper defines the keratinophilic fungi, organizes their taxa, introduces three main research methods, summarizes their applications in feed, leather, medicine and agriculture, and as bioindicators. Finally, we summarized research directions of keratinophilic fungi in the future work.