Abstract:[Background] Wheat/maize rotation is one of the main cropping patterns of grain crops in China. At present, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil of wheat/maize rotation field. [Objective] The objective of this thesis is to identify the variation of wheat/maize rhizosphere soil microorganisms and understand their potential functions. [Methods] In this study, wheat/maize rhizosphere soil was used as material, and bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal rDNA ITS gene sequencing were used to analyze the microbial diversity of wheat/maize rhizosphere soil. [Results] The results showed that the abundance of microorganisms in maize season was higher than that in wheat season, but there was no significant difference in diversity. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla of bacterium in the rhizosphere soil in wheat and maize seasons, while Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of fungi. There were 631 and 261 common bacteria and fungus in wheat and maize seasons. There were 38 and 58 unique bacteria and fungus in wheat season, and 25 and 39 unique bacteria and fungus in maize season, respectively. LEfSe analysis (LDA threshold is 2) of bacterium and fungi showed that Actinobacteria and Microascules were enriched in wheat season. Meanwhile, Sphingomonadales and Tremellomycetes were enriched in maize season. Compared with wheat season, the abundance of metabolic pathways involved in nutrient cycling in maize season was higher, while the abundance of metabolic pathways involved in oxidative stress was lower. [Conclusion] The results have theoretical and practical significance for guiding the management of wheat/maize rotation fields.
