病原真菌中潜在的铁死亡通路：功能与研究展望

Potential ferroptosis pathway in pathogenic fungi: reported functions and future perspectives

摘要:

铁死亡是一种铁离子参与、使细胞内脂质过氧化物积累到致死水平的新型程序性细胞死亡形式。目前，铁死亡的作用与机制在动物细胞已广泛、深入研究，而真菌铁死亡研究才刚刚起步。本综述旨在探讨铁离子稳态调控因子、膜脂抗氧化系统及脂质过氧化酶促系统这3种已知的铁死亡调控途径，列举它们在真菌中的同源蛋白的生物学功能。我们推测，病原真菌细胞铁死亡也许广泛参与其生长发育和致病性方面的调控，铁死亡调控通路有可能成为真菌病害防控的新的潜在靶标。

Abstract:

Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, in which elevated level of intracellular iron results in accumulation of lipid peroxides to a lethal level. At present, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis have been widely and extensively investigated in animal (including human) cells, but have just started and in a rather primary stage in fungal cells. In this review article, we aim to discuss the reported biological functions of the fungal orthologs to the regulatory factors involved in ferroptosis, including iron homeostasis, anti-oxidant systems of membrane lipids, and enzyme-catalyzed lipid peroxidation. Overall we infer that ferroptosis may also exist in fungi and be involved in fungal pathogenicity, therefore ferroptosis pathway would potentially be a novel target for prevention and management of fungal diseases.