不同生物有机肥对连作菠萝生长及防控心腐病效果

Effect of different biological organic fertilizers on the growth of pineapple under continuous cropping and the heart rot

摘要:

[背景] 菠萝心腐病是菠萝生产中常见的土传病害。[目的] 促进连作菠萝的高效栽培并提高病害防效。[方法] 采集连作发病菠萝园土壤，利用盆栽实验研究3种载体（椰糠、泥炭土、菜籽饼）和生防菌株（枯草芽孢杆菌HL2、链霉菌株HL3）与商品普通有机肥共同堆制成的生物有机肥对菠萝植株生长及菠萝心腐病防控效果的影响。[结果] 与化肥处理（CK）相比，施用生物有机肥处理能促进菠萝植株的生长，显著增加鲜重（叶、茎、根）、干重（叶、茎、根）和D叶长（菠萝植株叶片束起时最长的叶片长度）；与化肥处理（CK）相比，施用生物有机肥处理均能降低菠萝心腐病发病率；施用商品普通有机肥处理（YJ）防病能力较差，而生物有机肥处理（KC）的防控效果最好，其次为生物有机肥处理（KY、KN、LY），防控效果均为83.5%。相关分析表明，土壤病原菌（烟草疫霉菌）含量与放线菌、有机质、pH呈极显著负相关关系（p<0.001），与土壤速效钾含量呈显著正相关关系（p<0.05），与发病率呈显著正相关关系（p<0.01）。[结论] 施用生物有机肥可促进菠萝植株生长、降低发病率，对菠萝心腐病有较好的防效，可为菠萝产业健康发展提供参考。

Abstract:

[Background] The soil-borne heart rot is common in pineapple production. [Objective] This paper aims to enhance the cultivation and disease prevention of pineapple under continuous cropping. [Methods] Soil was collected from the orchards with continuous pineapple cropping for pot experiment. With three substrates (coir, peat soil, rapeseed cake), biocontrol strains (Bacillus subtilis HL2, Streptomyces HL3), and commercial organic fertilizer, different biological organic fertilizers were prepared and the effect of them on the plant growth and heart rot of pineapple was investigated. [Results] Compared with CK (chemical fertilizer only), the biological organic fertilizers promoted the growth of pineapple plants, significantly increased the fresh weight (leaf, stem, root), dry weight (leaf, stem, root), and longest leaf length, and reduced the incidence of heart rot. Among the biological organic fertilizers, KC (80% organic fertilizer + rapeseed cake + HL2) demonstrated the best control effect, followed by KY (80% organic fertilizer + coir + HL2), KN (80% organic fertilizer + peat soil + HL2), and LY (80% organic fertilizer + coir + HL3) with the control rate of 83.5%, respectively. However, YJ (organic fertilizer only) showed the poor control effect. Correlation analysis showed that the content of the soil pathogen (Phytophthora nicotianae) was negatively correlated with actinomycetes, organic matter, and pH (p<0.001) but positively correlated with soil available potassium content (p<0.05) and the incidence (p<0.01). [Conclusion] In a word, the biological organic fertilizers promoted the growth of pineapple plants and decreased the incidence of heart rot. These results can serve as a reference for the healthy development of pineapple industry.